Stay Away From Self: 5th International Congress on Autoimmunity, Sorrento, Italy, November 29–December 3, 2006
نویسنده
چکیده
If T cells can be regulatory, why not B cells? This proposition has piqued the interest of Sudhir Gupta (University of California, Irvine, CA) since regulatory T cells were first identified. A growing body of evidence now supports the existence of regulatory B cells (B regs), and Gupta’s presentation provided the first data suggesting their existence in humans. Previous studies of mouse models of autoimmune disorders have indicated that certain subsets of B cells are capable of immune suppression and thus relief of disease symptoms. But, “nobody looked from the point of view of purifying the B cells themselves,” explained Gupta. Furthermore, nobody had looked for human regulatory B cells. Gupta and colleagues have a long-standing interest in memory T cells, so as a starting point they looked at the effect of isolated human B cells on memory T cell development. Activation of naive T cells in culture promotes proliferation and then differentiation into central memory and effector memory T cells. But coculturing these cells in a particular way with activated B cells, Gupta showed, specifically inhibited the production of effector memory T cells. It is unclear as yet whether the B cells inhibit the differentiation or proliferation of effector memory T cells. It is clear, however, that the lack of effector memory T cells was not a result of apoptosis. What’s also clear is that the B cells inhibit the T cells by using both a soluble factor (or factors) and cell–cell contact. The team is currently determining which subset of human B cells are responsible for effector memory T cell inhibition and investigating whether B regs can suppress other subsets of T cells or other immune cell types.
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